Excerpt from DW article at
https://p.dw.com/p/3tJue

How does Iron Dome work?
An Iron Dome battery consists of a radar unit and a control center that can detect projectiles soon after their launch and calculate their trajectory and target. It takes seconds for an approaching projectile to be detected.

A battery also has three or four rocket launchers with 20 missiles each should projectiles be headed toward populated areas. The interceptor missiles can be maneuvered in the air.

However, they are not designed to strike an approaching projectile but to explode close by and destroy it in the process. Falling debris can, therefore, still cause considerable damage.

There are currently 10 mobile Iron Dome systems in use in Israel. According to their manufacturer, Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, which develops military and defense technologies for the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF), a single battery can protect a medium-sized city and intercept rockets fired from a maximum of 70 kilometers (43 miles) away. Experts calculate that 13 systems would be needed in order to defend the entire country.

How effective is Iron Dome?
According to Rafael, Iron Dome has a 90% success rate. Its website says the system has intercepted over 5,000 rockets so far.

According to the Israeli army, more than 3,000 rockets were fired from the Gaza Strip into Israeli territory during the attack led by the radical Islamist militant group Hamas on October 7, 2023.

Excerpt from CSIS article at

Iron Dome (Israel)

Iron Dome system description
The Iron Dome battery includes 3 – 4 launchers, a battle management system, and a fire control radar. Each launcher can hold up to 20 Tamir interceptors. As of 2012/2013, a complete battery costs approximately $100M to produce.1 Each Iron Dome battery can defend an area of up to 150 square kilometers against short-range missiles, mortars, and rockets. To conserve interceptors, the Iron Dome system can discern between rockets that threaten population areas and those that will fall harmlessly in open terrain.2

Iron Dome can detect and engage targets at ranges of up to 70 km.3 The system’s Tamir interceptor is 3 meters long, 0.16 m in diameter, and weighs 90 kg at launch. It uses a command datalink and onboard active radar seeker for guidance and uses a high-explosive blast-fragmentation warhead to destroy targets. The Tamir interceptor was initially estimated to cost $100,000 to produce, but recent estimates assert unit costs of roughly $40,000 to $50,000 each.4

The ELM 2084 MMR detects incoming targets and provides midcourse guidance for the Tamir interceptor. It is a 3D active electronically scanned array (AESA) that operates in the S-band frequency. According to the radar’s manufacturer, the ELM 2084 has a target capacity of “up to 1100 targets for air surveillance purposes.”5 The ELM 2084 also serves as the fire control radar for the Israeli David’s Sling missile defense system.